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Article 12

Part III — Fundamental Rights · Constitution of India

Article 12

Definition. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, “the State” includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.

In plain wordsFor the fundamental rights chapter, 'the State' means the central government, Parliament, state governments and legislatures, and local bodies like municipalities. These are the authorities your rights protect you against.
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