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My Constitutional Rights as Facing Arrest or Detention in India

If you or someone close to you has been taken into custody, the Constitution sets a floor no police station can lower. These are the provisions that apply the moment someone is detained, and the door they open to a court.

Descriptive, not legal advice · text as amended through the 106th Amendment (2023)

Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc

19(1)(a) and (b) protect freedom of speech and the right to assemble peaceably and without arms. Peaceful assembly is a constitutional freedom; it may be regulated in the interest of public order, but not banned outright.

Protection of life and personal liberty

No person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty except by a procedure established by law, which the courts have held must be fair, just and reasonable. This is the guarantee behind every safeguard below.

Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

On arrest, your child must be told the grounds as soon as may be, may consult and be defended by a lawyer of their choice, and must be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours. Preventive detention is the written exception, with its own limits in the same article.

Protection in respect of conviction for offences

No one may be compelled to be a witness against themselves, punished under a law that did not exist at the time of the act, or punished twice for the same offence.

Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part

You can move the Supreme Court directly to enforce a fundamental right, including by the writ of habeas corpus, which asks the court to produce a detained person and justify the detention.

Power of High Courts to issue certain writs

The same writs, including habeas corpus, can be sought from the High Court, often the faster route in practice.

The honest caveatThis page describes constitutional provisions; it is not legal advice and does not cover the specific detention or public-order laws that may apply. For an actual detention, contact a lawyer immediately.
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